Method 3
Marking special labels
The core of this method is to attach special labels to true and reliable information, distinguishing it from unverified or doubtful content. These labels can come in various forms, such as symbols, seals, secret codes, or verbal agreements, and they function as 'identity cards' for the information, confirming its authenticity and unchanged state during dissemination.
For example, in ancient times, imperial proclamations were stamped with the emperor's seal as proof, while folklore relied on oral traditions or community norms to mark and verify widely believed information.
At the same time, for information that was suspected to be false, ancient people would have adopted means of warning, such as specific words, tones of voice, or facial expressions to convey the uncertainty or suspicion of the information. In this way, the recipient of the message would be able to make a preliminary judgement on the authenticity of the message based on these special labels.